Glossary: terms used in the citizenship process

Plain-language definitions for terms that come up on this site and at the interview itself — especially the formal legal vocabulary in the N-400's eligibility questions, which trips up even fluent English speakers.

Form N-400

The Application for Naturalization — the form you file to begin the citizenship process. Its filing date decides which civics test applies to you (see the filing-date checker).

Which test do I take?

Form I-797C

The receipt/appointment notice USCIS mails you. It lists your case number, your N-400 filing date, and — closer to your interview — the appointment date, time, and location. Always defer to what your own I-797C says over general guidance like this site.

Permanent resident (green card holder)

Someone authorized to live and work in the US indefinitely, evidenced by Form I-551 (the "green card"). Years as a permanent resident is one of the two numbers the age-based exemptions require.

Age-based exemptions

Oath of Allegiance

The pledge taken at the naturalization ceremony that makes citizenship official. Approval at your interview is not the final step — the oath ceremony is.

After the interview

Form N-648

Medical Certification for Disability Exceptions — filed by an applicant with a qualifying disability or impairment that prevents them from meeting the English and/or civics requirements, certified by a licensed medical professional.

The full N-648 guide

Form N-336

A request for a hearing on a denied N-400 decision, heard by a different officer. Has a strict filing deadline stated on your denial notice.

If you fail the citizenship test

Form I-912 (fee waiver)

A request to waive the N-400 filing fee entirely, based on financial hardship or means-tested benefits. Different from the separate reduced-fee option.

N-400 fees

Noncombatant services

Military or military-adjacent service that does not involve direct combat — one of several precise legal phrases used in the N-400's eligibility questions, distinct from everyday conversational English.

N-400 interview questions

Hereditary title

A title of nobility passed down within a family (for example, a title of prince, count, or similar). One of the N-400's eligibility questions asks whether you hold one.

N-400 interview questions

Good moral character

A statutory eligibility standard USCIS evaluates as part of every naturalization application, generally covering the years before you filed. This is a legal determination this site does not evaluate — an accredited representative or immigration attorney can advise on individual circumstances.

This is general information, not legal advice, and not an exhaustive list of every term used on Form N-400. For a term specific to your own case, an accredited representative or immigration attorney can advise you.

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